The key issue in Turkey's negotiations with both sides was the sale of chromite to Germany or to the Allies.

Turkey was an important producer of chromite, which is a key ingredient in the manufacture of stainless steel and refractory brick and Germany had limited access to it. Then, in June of 1941, after neighboring Bulgaria joined the Axis and allowed the German Reich to move troops through to invade Yugoslavia and Greece, Turkey signed a non-aggression pact with Germany. After the German invasion of France, however, Turkey remained neutral, relying on a clause excusing them if military action might bring conflict with the USSR, which, after the division of Poland, Turkey feared. Prior to the outbreak of war, Turkey signed a Mutual Aid Pact with France and the United Kingdom in 1939. Turkey was neutral until several months before the end of the war, at which point it joined the Allies. The republic was officially proclaimed on 29 October 1923 in Ankara, the country's new capital. The occupation of Istanbul and Izmir by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I prompted the establishment of the Turkish National Movement, and the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres.īy 18 September 1922, the occupying armies were expelled, and the Ankara based Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA), which had declared itself the legitimate government of the country on 23 April 1920, started to formalize the legal transition from the old Ottoman into the new Republican political system.

Following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the victorious Allied Powers sought to partition the Ottoman state through the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres. The Ottoman Empire entered The Great War on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. If you spot a mistake then you are welcome to fix it.

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